"Illustrate the structure of water molecule", "" "1 oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms are joined together by ________ bond", "1 oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms are joined together by <b> covalent bond </b>" "The 3 atoms (H<b>2</b>O) form a triangle with an angle of ____", "" "1 water molecule can form maximum of 4 ________ _____ with 4 water molecules", "" "State 6 properties of water molecules", "1. Polar molecules/Universal solvent<br /> 2. High specific heat capacity<br /> 3. High latent heat of vaporization<br /> 4. High surface tension<br /> 5. Maximum density at 4°C<br /> 6. Low viscosity" "Carbohydrate is composed of ______, ________ & ______ atoms", "Carbohydrate is composed of <b> carbon, hydrogen & oxygen </b> atoms" "State 3 classes of carbohydrate with its example", "Class - <b> example </b><br /> Monosaccharides - <b> Glucose </b><br /> Disaccharides - <b> Maltose </b><br /> Polysaccharides - <b> Cellulose </b>" "Monosaccharide is the ________ ____ of sugar", "Monosaccharides is the <b> simplest form </b> of sugar" "Monosaccharide is the _______ for carbohydrates", "Monosaccharides (1 sugar unit) is the <b> monomer </b> for carbohydrates" "A disaccharide is<br /> formed from 2 _______________<br /> linked by __________ bond through<br /> ____________ process", "A disaccharide is<br /> formed from <b> 2 monosaccharides </b><br /> (two sugar units)<br /> linked by <b> glycosidic bond </b> through<br /> <b> condensation </b> process" "Polysaccharides are polymer<br /> formed from many _______________<br /> linked by __________ ____<br /> through ____________ process", "Polysaccharides are polymer<br /> formed from <b> many monosaccharides </b><br /> (many sugar units)<br /> linked by <b> glycosidic bond </b><br /> through <b> condensation </b> process" "", "Glucose (C<b>6</b>H<b>12</b>O<b>6</b>)" "", "alpha glucose" "", "beta glucose" "What is the structural difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose?", "They differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl group ( <b> –OH </b> ) at carbon 1" "What is condensation?", "<b> CONDENSATION </b><br /> A chemical reaction in which 2 molecules are covalently bonded by <b> removal of water molecule. </b>" "What is hydrolysis?", "<b> HYDROLYSIS </b><br /> A chemical process in which a compound is broken down by <b> addition of water. </b>" "Describe condensation", "When a bond forms between 2 monomers, each monomer contributes part of water molecule that is released.<br /> 1 monomer provides an –OH group & the other provides a hydrogen." "Illustrate alpha glucose (Monosaccharide)", "" "Illustrate maltose (Disaccharide)", "" "Illustrate formation and breakdown of maltose", "" "What is maltose?", "Maltose is a <b> disaccharide </b> formed when <b> two units of α-glucose </b> joined with an<br /> <b> α-1,4- glycosidic bond. </b>" "What is cellulose?", "Cellulose is a <b> polysaccharide </b> made up of <b> long chain of β-glucose </b> joined with<br /> <b> β-1,4- glycosidic bond. </b>" "Illustrate beta glucose (Monosaccharide)", "" "", "Cellulose (Polysaccharides)" "The ________ bond between the β-glucose chains gives cellulose its mechanical strength and chemical stability", "" "Glycosidic bond is a type of ________ bond", "Glycosidic bond is a type of <b> covalent bond </b> <i>that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.</i>" "Lipid consists of<br /> mainly ______ & ________ atoms;<br /> and few ______ atom", "Lipid consists of<br /> <b> mainly carbon & hydrogen </b> atoms;<br /> <b> few oxygen </b> atom." "Glycerol", "" "Describe glycerol", "Glycerol is a<br /> 3 carbon compound with a hydroxyl (–OH) group attached to each carbon atom" "Fatty acid", "" "Describe fatty acid", "Fatty acid is<br /> a chemical compound consists of long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group<br /> (–COOH) attached." "Fatty acid can be classified based on –", "based on the <b> presence of double bonds </b> within hydrocarbon chain" "Saturated fatty acid", "<b> no double bond </b> in the hydrocarbon chain" "Unsaturated fatty acid", "<b> has double bonds </b> in the hydrocarbon chain" "", "Saturated fatty acid" "", "Unsaturated fatty acid" "State 3 major types of lipid with its example", "Type - <b> example </b><br /> Triglyceride - <b> fat and oils </b><br /> Phospholipid - <b> lecithin </b><br /> Steroid - <b> cholesterol </b>" "Triglyceride is made up from", "Triglyceride is made up from<br /> condensation of<br /> <b> 1 glycerol molecule and<br /> 3 fatty acid molecules </b>" "", "Triglycerides" "Phospholipid is made up from", "Phospholipid is made up from<br /> <b> 1 glycerol molecule,<br /> 2 fatty acid molecules<br /> and 1 phosphate group </b>" "", "Phospholipid" "Steroid consists of", "Steroid consists of<br /> <b> 4 different rings </b><br /> and different steroid will have different side chain" "", "Steroid" "What is monomer? What is polymer?", "Monomer - 1 unit / <i> a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer. </i><br /> Polymer - Many repeating units" "_____ _____ are the monomers that make up protein", "<b> Amino acids </b> are the monomers that make up protein" "Describe amino acid", "A chemical compound with a<br /> <b> carboxyl group,<br /> amino group<br /> and side chain (R group)<br /> attached to the central carbon </b> called alpha carbon." "", "Amino acid" "Amino acids are __________ ; because it has both acidic & basic properties", "Amino acids are <b> amphoteric </b>; have both acidic (carboxyl group –COOH) & basic (amino group –NH<b>2</b>)<br /> properties." "20 types of amino acid can be grouped into _ groups based on the characteristic of the side chain ( _ group)", "20 types of amino acid can be grouped into <b> 4 </b> groups based on the characteristic of the side chain (<b>R group</b>)" "State the 4 groups of amino acid:", "i. <b> Non polar / Hydrophobic </b><br /> ii. <b> Polar / Hydrophilic </b><br /> iii. <b> Acidic </b><br /> iv. <b> Basic </b>" "", "Non polar / hydrophobic amino acids" "", "Polar / hydrophilic amino acids" "", "Acidic amino acids" "", "Basic amino acids" "2 _____ _____ are joined together by ____________ process to form a dipeptide", "2 <b> amino acids </b> are joined by <b> condensation </b> process to form a <b> dipeptide. </b>" "What is dipeptide? What is polypeptide?", "Dipeptide: <b> 2 amino acid </b> linked together.<br /> Polypeptide: <b> short chains </b> of 2 or more amino acids." "Illustrate formation and breakdown of dipeptide", "" "Describe condensation process in the formation of dipeptide", "The <b> carboxyl group </b> of one amino acid is linked to the <b> amino group </b> of the incoming amino acid.<br /> In the process, <b> a molecule of water is released. </b>" "Amino acids are joined by _______ bond.", "Amino acids are joined by <b> peptide bond. </b>"
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