"Absolute deprivation", "a state of living without basic necessities" "Automatic mimicry", "imitation of others’ behavior without our conscious awareness we are<br /> doing so" "Conformity", "the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms" "Conspicuous consumption", "spending money to demonstrate wealth and status" "Coping skills", "strategies for dealing with problems in life" "Deviance amplification", "a pattern of deviant behavior that turns into a cycle of deviance that<br /> builds on itself" "Differential association", "when individuals base their behaviors on their association and<br /> interaction with others" "Differential enforcement", "the idea that some categories of people are more likely to be<br /> labeled as deviant and be punished more harshly" "Discrimination", "the prejudicial treatment of an individual based on his or her membership (or<br /> perceived membership) in a certain group" "Drift", "shifting between values that are deviant or criminal and values that are culturally accepted" "Economic depravation", "disadvantages that relate to access to material needs, income, and<br /> wealth" "General strain theory", "the view that crime results from various stressors including those that go<br /> beyond socioeconomic class" "Individual discrimination", "incidents of prejudicial treatment perpetrated by individuals" "institutional discrimination", "incidents of prejudicial treatment perpetrated by social<br /> institutions" "Labeling (social reaction) theory", "the view that people become deviant when they are labeled<br /> that way and this becomes a part of the person’s identity" "Negative affective states", "difficult emotions produced by stressors, such as anger and<br /> frustration" "Obediance", "a form of social influence in which a person accepts instructions or orders from an authority figure" "Parental labeling", "labeling by a parent as deviant, often involving negative consequences to the<br /> person being labeled" "Primary deviance", "an undetected initial violation of social norms" "Priming", "a form of memory that causes us to make associations without our conscious knowledge" "Procriminal definitions", "values and behaviors that promote crime" "Rationalization", "justifications for behaviors that may not be accepted by others" "Relative deprivation", "the perception that one is disadvantaged when compared to others" "Retrospective labeling", "process of recasting past actions in light of a current deviant identity" "Secondary deviance", "the process of becoming defined by deviant behavior" "Self-fulfilling prophecy (Pygmalion effect)", "a prediction that, by being voiced, causes itself to come true" "Self-labeling", "labeling oneself as deviant" "Self-stigma", "disapproval of oneself as a result of internalizing the disapproval of others" "Social class", "segment of population whose members share similar economic level, attitudes, values, norms, and identifiable lifestyle" "Social influence", "the impact of others on our beliefs, values, and behavior" "Social institution", "any structure or mechanism of social order governing the behavior of a set of<br /> individuals within a given community." "Social stigma", "the disapproval of a person because they do not fit the require social norms that are given in society" "Social support", "the perception or reality of care or assistance from others in managing stressors" "Socialization", "the process of learning one's culture and how to live within it" "Spatial contagion", "the spreading of criminal behavior from one neighborhood to another" "Stereotype", "a belief about a group of individuals that people apply to any given individual<br /> deemed to be part of that group" "Stimuli", "events or situations that result in a reaction" "Strain theory", "the view that crime results from a person of less economic means feeling<br /> frustrated with what she cannot obtain" "Stratification", "the unequal distribution of wealth and power" "Stressors", "events or situations that lead to a stress response, often involving a sense of feeling out of control" "Theory of differential association", "the view that criminal behavior is learned between individuals who are close to one another"
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