Ten Cations
Na+, NH4+, Ag+, Fe3++, Al3+, Cr3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+
Sodium Detection
Flame Test-- yellow flame
Ammonium Detection
Add OH- and get NH3-- litmus paper turns blue
Silver Detection
Add HCl, precipitates out as AgCl
Silver Confirmation
Add NH3 to "AgCl", it will dissolve and reprecipitate
Separating Iron, Aluminum and Chromium
Add an NH3 buffer.
All will precipitate out
Color of Iron precipitate
Rust
Color of Chromium precipitate
gray green
Color of Aluminum Precipitate
colorless
Detection of Iron
Add NaOH and H2O2, then add acid, and K4[Fe(CN)6], bright blue precipitate
Detection of Chromium
Addition of Ba2+ after basification and acidification creates Yellow Precipitate
Detection of Aluminum
Dissolve colorless precipitate in acid, add NH3 and Aluminon reagant. This will create a red lake effect.
Separation of Calcium
Precipitate out using C2O42- ,making a salt
Detection of calcium
could be confused with Mg2+. Dissolve salt in acid. Flame test: Brick Red
Separation of Zinc
ammonium would interfere. Make sure to evaporate to dryness. Use strongly basic solution to then precipitate out Nickel and Magnesium. Zinc is left in supernatant
Detection of Zinc
Precipitate out using an acid. Blue-gray salt.
Separation of Nickel
Dissolve in Ammonia
Detection of Nickel
Add dimethylglyoxime. Strawberry red precipitate
Separation & Detection of Magnesium
Dissolve hydroxide in acid. Reprecipitate using magnesium reagent. Blue lake effect.