What is the Martindale test?
Tests wearability of fabric
Define: Fiber
Raw material from which yarn is spun
What are Wool and Cottons?
A natural fiber, like cotton.
What is Nylon, Polyester, and Acrylic?
Synthetic fibers
Define: Weaves and Textiles
1) Weave: the method of interlacing yarns to produce fabrics
2) Textiles: The end product
What is yarn-dying?
Refers to the introduction of dye into the yarn AFTER it is spun from the fibers. Yarn-dyed goods are reasonably colorfast and reasonably fade-resistant.
What is Piece-dying? Advantages and Disadvantages?
the introduction of dye into woven fabric. Most solid-colored fabrics are dyed this way. Its easy and less expensive but worse for colorfastness and fade resistance.
What are four basic weaves
1) Plain weave-most common (muslin, gingham, breadcloth etc.
2) Satin weave-face of fabric is shiny and smooth
3) Twill weave
4) Pile weave
What is sateen?
Fine cotton cloth made with satin weave
Define: Twill weave
arrange threads in tight diagonal pattern that makes fabric stronger and more dirt resistant that basic or satin weave. **Denim in a twill weave.
Define: Pile Weave (examples of?)
Yarns are pulled up to form loops. If loops are uncut you produce a shaggy weave called terrycloth. If alternate rows are cut, you produce corduroy. If tops of rows are cut off, you produce a smooth shiny surface like velvet.
What is a jacquard weave?
Designs automatically weaved into fabric (not printed on). Invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1801 by automating a loom attachment.
What are examples of Jacquard Weaves?
Damask, Brocade, Machine-made Tapestry
Define: Brocade
A raised pattern of floral design woven in. The back shows horizontal lines (weft) threads hanging loosely while those are interlaced through the "warp" (vertical)
Define: Damask pattern
Floral design woven in but glossy and all one color
Define: Tapestry
A heavy woven fabric showing historical or pictoral theme.
What are the four types of printing?
1) Block Printing
2) Heat Transfer Printing
3) Screen Printing
4) Roller Printing
What is block printing?
Involves carving design into block and then applying wet dye.
What is heat-transfer printing?
A pattern printed on a special paper and then transfer. It is used on synthetic and cotton fabrics a lot.
Define: Screen printing
Silk is stretched on wood frame and an outline of the design is drawn onto the screen with a stencil. A varnish is then applied to all areas that are not intended to transfer with a color. Once varnish is tried, screen is pressed flat flat against fabric and then ink is applied to the areas without the varnish. A second color is introduced by using a separate screen with different unvarnished areas of the design and screens continue to be used as new colors are introduced.
What are the advantages to screen printing?
1) Permits the exact same design to be available in a choice of color combos.
2) Permits the production of extremely intricate, detailed designs in a lot of color.
3) Designs can be large, up to 48" and colors can be changed easily.
4) Most advantageous to a decorator is its the most economical process for custom-making small yardage lots.
However they tend to be expensive as a disadvantage.
How does roller printing work?
-The design is chemically etched into a copper plate. Roller is cylindrical which produces endless design sequence.
-It's a machine method used on most fabrics today.
-A modern adaption of block printing
What is a motif?
A single design element in a pattern (Polka dot for ex)
What are some things to consider regarding fabric functionality?
1) Durability (wool is the most durable natural fiber)
2) Fade resistance
3) Dirt resistance
4) Suitability of cost (fits in budget?)
Fabric expresses mood through these three elements?
1) Color
2) Texture
3) Pattern
How many bold patterns can be used in a large or average sized room?
One bold pattern.