Hyperbole
Extravagent overstatement for rhetorical effect
Proof surrogate
Suggestions of evidence without actually presenting it.
- “trusted sources say….”
- “Any social scientist with the slightest credibility would agree that…”
Euphemism
A colourful expression or label that puts a positive slant on a topic
- “pre-owned car” (used car)
Dysphemism
A colourful expression or label that puts a negative slant on a topic
- “Death tax” (inheritance tax)
- Regime (government)
Persuasive comparisons
Making a desired conclusion seem more
positive by means of a sharp comparison
Jim, who has been convicted of a shoplifting
several times, is a model citizen compared
with his brother who has been
incarcerated for the last ten years on an
armed robbery conviction.
Rhetorical Analogy
the use of rhetorical comparison to establish an apparent analogy
- You have a better chance of being struck by lightning than finding a free parking spot
- Tom treats his sister like a vending machine. He expects immediate results whenever he makes a request
Persuasive definition
The use of rhetorically charged language to define something in a way that will elicit a desired conclusion.
Conservatives are heartless moral
hypocrites that hate taxes
Innuendo
Insinuating something negative without saying it,
- The doctor is competent in most of his practices
Loaded question
Presenting a question that rest on a
questionable or controversial assumption
in order to suggest a desired conclusion.
--“Have you always loved to evade arrest
warrant?
Weaslers
linguistics means hedging a bet. Waters the claim down to protect it from criticism.