Artificial lighting
Electric lighting
Natural lighting
Daylight
Direct Glare
Direct glare results from a light source shining directly into a person’s eyes.
Indirect Glare
Indirect glare is the result of light reflecting off a shiny surface, such as a TV screen.
Visibility
Enough light to see to do what will be done in that space.
General Lighting
Is a term applied to providing enough light to ‘generally’ function in a room—the single light
fixture in the center of the room. General lighting offers no opportunity to define shape or form and it gives little or no definition to textures.
Mood Determination
Dim light, like candlelight, makes a space intimate and cozy, while bright light energizes and stimulates and sends the message that action and alertness are required.
Focal Point Determination
Brightly lit areas within an otherwise dim space can draw visual focus toward one area and
away from another.
Utility Lighting
Lighting is required to ensure the safe
movement of people within a space.
Task Lighting
This is lighting for the purpose of performing
specific tasks such as writing, computer work, sewing, drafting, painting or doing crafts.
Layering Light
Allows flexibility, since using a number of sources of small wattage is more useful than
relying on a single point of high wattage.
Ambient Layer Lighting
Provides general light for moving around a space and is responsible for setting the mood
of the room.
Focal layer lighting
Illuminates architectural features, displays and signs.
Accent Lighting
Used interchangeably with focal lighting, but it is best understood as a concentrated light aimed at the center of an item on display.
Task layer lighting
Is provided by floor lamps, under cabinet lights,
desk and table lamps, or, a down light, such as a canned or recessed fixture.
Uplighting
Is used to send light upwards toward the ceiling, providing indirect lighting.
Wall grazing
Is a technique in which a wall is lit with luminaries set close to the wall in a narrow trough or at a grazing angle.
Slot outlining
Places a continuous light source at the joint of a wall and ceiling.
Illumination
Is the amount of light that strikes a surface.
Candlepower
Is a unit used to describe light intensity or how much light is emitted from a source.
Candela
Is equal to one candlepower or the level of light
delivered to a surface one foot away from a
standard-sized candle.
Lumen
Is a light source or unit of light that will deliver a
level of one foot-candle to a surface one foot square at a distance of one foot.
Luminaries
Or lighting fixtures (devices that include a lamp holder, a means of electrification and support for that device) are classified in a number of
ways.
Light distribution
Direction of the light emitted.
Incandescent (aka tungsten)
Lamps generate light when electric current heats the lamp filament - tungsten - in an inert environment.
Halogen
Lamps are a special type of incandescent lamp. Halogens give off a whiter light but they last longer -2000 to 10,000 hours in
comparison with 750 to 1000 hours for the
standard incandescent lamp.
Ballast
Is an electrical component that starts the lamp and regulates the electric power flow to the
lamp.
LED lights
LED lights have high light output with lower power consumption.
What are the two major factors to determine a lighting design?
1) Client's needs
2) Existing light
When planning artificial light, are the five purposes to consider?
1) Visibility
2) Mood determination
3) Focal Point Determination
4) Utility Lighting
5) Task Lighting
How far off the wall should accent lighting be to get a flattering 30 degree angle to the object.
Three feet off the wall for every two feet that the center of the attraction is mounted below the light source
What is one equation to determining how many watts to light a room?
Room length x Room width x 1.5=# of watts needed.
For more concentrated lighting for a task area, take the length and width of task area (ie kitchen island) and multiply by 2.5.
What does HID stand for and How do these lamps work? What types are there?
(High-intensity discharge) They work by ionization of the air in a vacuum. Types are namely mercury, sodium, and metal halide lamps known as HID. Used typically in outdoor parking lots and commercial settings due to considerable heat generation, don't support true color, and must be used in upright position to function properly.
How do you determine the size of a chandelier to purchase? How far off the ground should you hang it?
One way is to take the width of the room in ft and double it and convert it to inches for minimum diameter of chandelier. Or use table as reference: Take width measurement or diameter for round and subtract 12 inches.
Bottom of the chandelier should be 30-33 inches above the table top or at least 7 ft, preferably 8 ft from floor.
What is the typical bathroom lighting measurements?
22" from cabinet base to the lamp with a distance of 36" between lights.
How far from the tabletop should task lighting be?
14"
Lighting should be every " - " ft in the hallway
8-10'
What is the standard height for a light from the ground to the lamp for piano lighting?
47"